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Tuesday, May 8, 2012

和製漢語

其實有沒有人曾經因為要捍衛傳統中文尊嚴,要拒絕使用這些和製中文?(假設這些都是真的) See translation 和製漢語 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书 zh.wikipedia.org 和製漢語是日語的辭彙來源之一。意指汉字引入日本後,日本自己所創造、流用他意的汉语詞彙。此類詞彙讀音上是漢語,但是日本所自創,或是在日語中使用的意義已與原先在中文裡的意義有所差異。 Like · · Share · 3 hours ago · 4 people like this. 1 share Sandy Soon 叫他們用回文言文吧 See Translation 3 hours ago · Like Sandy Soon 和製漢語比匪製漢語好多了 See Translation 3 hours ago · Like Leo Tang 有冇人話要拒絕就唔知,但嚴復曾翻譯過一堆此類用語,最後因為日本譯得好D,大家就用日本製品鳥。 See Translation 3 hours ago · Like · 1 Elv Liu 西學東漸時好多日本學者都將一些西方概念翻譯作漢詞, 其實都有所本, 來源大多係古籍。其時好多日本著作都係以中文所書, 所以梁啟超亦提倡日文漢讀, 至有今日。維基講既「經濟」, 其實係出自東晉《抱朴子》, 仲有「權利」 出自荀子《勸學》, 「共和」 出自《史記》, 「革命」 出自《易傳》。 所謂和製漢詞, 其實包含傳統古文的博大精深, 與一群國學未精, 略懂德俄的人所創之詞彙, 不可同日而語。 See Translation 2 hours ago · Unlike · 12 Chris Koo 如果當年在嶺南上過翻譯課,就知道現代漢語有大量源自日本的外來語(漢字)。不過,這不應該跟繁簡/正殘做類比。語言若要普及、傳承,兼容並蓄是難免的。像英語,就有希、拉、法、德等不同語源。現代漢語也受日本、印度、歐美等語系影響。 說回簡/殘體,最大問題在於: (1) 簡化方法混亂,卻以極權方式推行新語文政策 (2) 普及以後,抱持習非勝是、存在即合理的態度 (3) 筆劃少,學寫易,閱讀卻難,推翻了原來目的 See Translation 2 hours ago · Unlike · 10 Clement LO 日文都有簡化,但簡得正常好多。 See Translation 2 hours ago · Like · 2 Stephanie Chin 文字係演進ge, 点觧冇人反對港人寫 [廣東話] ? See Translation 2 hours ago · Like Stephanie Chin They don't want 簡化, they want political segregation of the people from the outside world -- that means control (or 維穩) to them. This is done by 顛佬 ... no need for reasoning. No need to make sense 2 hours ago · Like Lam Fai Fred 長知識了 See Translation 2 hours ago · Like · 1 Benedict Chan 傳聞中張之洞有過這樣的趣聞: "然時移勢移,清末“新學”日興,新詞不斷涌入,學人要完全擺脫“新詞”不大可能,即便憎恨新詞如張之洞者,在言談和文章中也難以“免俗”。一次他請幕僚路某擬一辦學大綱,見擬就之文中有“健康”一詞,便勃然大怒,提筆批道:“健康乃日本名詞,用之殊覺可恨。”擲還路某。偏偏路某略通新學,當即發現張之洞的“把柄”,便半開玩笑半較真地回曰:“名詞亦日本名詞,用之尤覺可恨。”二人為此鬧得不歡而散。反對用“日本名詞”的張之洞,自己卻也無法擺脫“日本名詞”的困撓,這確有一定象徵意義。 " http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/archive/241142.htm See Translation about an hour ago · Like · 1 Clement LO 日文另外做了一些漢字替換,因為「當用漢字」限死唔過二千字: 智慧-->知恵 妨礙-->妨害 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97 See Translation about an hour ago · Like Hay Chan 日本也是當今四個中國之一。而且是其中,保存中國文化保存得最好的。令我最覺得可惡的是,他們把中文書法中最美的筆畫全放在他的平假名中。我不知道漢語在日本是一直存在還是近代才流入,我相信他們對漢字的認識,更勝說文解字。文字的書寫排列方式,他們一直遵守著,直排從上而下時,每一行一定由右至左,絕不容弄錯。加上,他們接觸及瞭解西方文化比中國早,他們的翻譯或古文的選用都很好,實在很難譯得更好,我們實在要多謝他們才是。 See Translation about an hour ago · Unlike · 3 Yau F Frederick 殘體字,對於用正常Logic的學習事物的人,特別有破壞力, 小時候,我學習中文字,是看字典,辭淵,辭海,康熙, 每一個部首看下去, 人字部,口字部,心字部,同類相關,趣味盎然 一天數月,可學新字新詞數百, 數年即三數千,閱讀無礙已。 但,同期,年少時,八九歲上下,看新華字典,真是看過鳥來,番查複雜,很多字都是發音索引,看其部首,不知所云, 當時以為自己太細個,免強用圖象記憶法,先學習了,該字的繁體版本,如「發」,知到了讀音,fa,查大陸字典,「发」,發現這個看似朋友的東東,不理解「發」-> 「发」,十分難記,唯為有用想像力,它看似 頭髮的「髮」的下半部。 想來,發明這簡體字的人,是以這個思路發明「发」。 似乎他是用頭髮諗野,而發展,發明東西的...... 結果學習簡體字,實在太費功夫,又要先知道繁體的寫法,又要先知道讀音,才能檢索,有點反因倒果,趣味索然。 就算在新華字典中,去到那一個部首,如彐部,也不能用同類相似法,學習新的字詞, 對於當時還是十歲的我,最大的困惑就是: 我明明看見了某某字唔識讀,才查字典的,為何我能夠從那數萬千之中,知道那音?翻查數遍嗎,再找到那個字,和它的相關詞?十分玩野!? 以下是數過邏輯,十分混亂的字 : 你們說這些東西有助學習,還是妨礙學習? 归(歸);新華字典 部首:彐; 旧(舊);新華字典 部首:日; 康熙字典 歸:止部14畫 舊:臼部12畫 爱 新華字典 部首:爫; <-- 爪 !? 康熙字典(愛)心部9畫 愛字不從心,從爪? 難怪他們向愛人示愛,用抓的。 【小童學習簡體,加倍費力】 See Translation 55 minutes ago · Like Norman Law 哲学、科学、民主、物理、抽象、具體....都是和制漢語,怎麽拒絕? See Translation 20 minutes ago · Like Benares Wai Lun Chan 反不反對在於其好壞,而非反簡化中文或中共式漢語就同時要反和製漢語,如此類推實是無聊。語言的流變和推演的重點在於去蕪存菁,好的要承認、保留,壞的要摒除。語言文字影響國家民族,甚至世界甚深,不少左翼推崇的思想,如以現今共式漢語推廣,必會難表其義。所謂和製中文有好有壞,不能一概而論。於不同場合需用不同語言,一般配以節奏,考慮語音,按照場合,混雜文言、白話、方言才能寫出好中文。 至於簡化字,我認為是以政治實權強行扭曲文化的產物。國內民眾不知就裏而以為簡是好繁是壞,尚能原諒。但港人自小學習正體中文而不以為傲,更不知正體中文皆有其義,則需自省。正體中文並非不能簡,也非不能由政權推動。但當政權為一己私利,置文化於不顧,甚或意圖將中華文化連根拔起,因而簡其不能簡,將正體中文破壞至斯,則無有識之士能坦然接受。 要談中文,須先學好中文。 See Translation

Saturday, May 5, 2012

World 100 best novels

1984 by George Orwell, England, (1903-1950) A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, Norway (1828-1906) A Sentimental Education by Gustave Flaubert, France, (1821-1880) Absalom, Absalom! by William Faulkner, United States, (1897-1962) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, United States, (1835-1910) The Aeneid by Virgil, Italy, (70-19 BC) Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Russia, (1828-1910) Beloved by Toni Morrison, United States, (b. 1931) Berlin Alexanderplatz by Alfred Doblin, Germany, (1878-1957) Blindness by Jose Saramago, Portugal, (1922-2010) The Book of Disquiet by Fernando Pessoa, Portugal, (1888-1935) The Book of Job, Israel. (600-400 BC) The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor M Dostoyevsky, Russia, (1821-1881) Buddenbrooks by Thomas Mann, Germany, (1875-1955) Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, England, (1340-1400) The Castle by Franz Kafka, Bohemia, (1883-1924) Children of Gebelawi by Naguib Mahfouz, Egypt, (b. 1911) Collected Fictions by Jorge Luis Borges, Argentina, (1899-1986) Complete Poems by Giacomo Leopardi, Italy, (1798-1837) The Complete Stories by Franz Kafka, Bohemia, (1883-1924) The Complete Tales by Edgar Allan Poe, United States, (1809-1849) Confessions of Zeno by Italo Svevo, Italy, (1861-1928) Crime and Punishment by Fyodor M Dostoyevsky, Russia, (1821-1881) Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol, Russia, (1809-1852) The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories by Leo Tolstoy, Russia, (1828-1910) Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, Italy, (1313-1375) The Devil to Pay in the Backlands by Joao Guimaraes Rosa, Brazil, (1880-1967) Diary of a Madman and Other Stories by Lu Xun, China, (1881-1936) The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, Italy, (1265-1321) Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spain, (1547-1616) Essays by Michel de Montaigne, France, (1533-1592) Fairy Tales and Stories by Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark, (1805-1875) Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Germany, (1749-1832) Gargantua and Pantagruel by Francois Rabelais, France, (1495-1553) Gilgamesh Mesopotamia, (c 1800 BC) The Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing, England, (b.1919) Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, England, (1812-1870) Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, Ireland, (1667-1745) Gypsy Ballads by Federico Garcia Lorca, Spain, (1898-1936) Hamlet by William Shakespeare, England, (1564-1616) History by Elsa Morante, Italy, (1918-1985) Hunger by Knut Hamsun, Norway, (1859-1952) The Idiot by Fyodor M Dostoyevsky, Russia, (1821-1881) The Iliad by Homer, Greece, (c 700 BC) Independent People by Halldor K Laxness, Iceland, (1902-1998) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, United States, (1914-1994) Jacques the Fatalist and His Master by Denis Diderot, France, (1713-1784) Journey to the End of the Night by Louis-Ferdinand Celine, France, (1894-1961) King Lear by William Shakespeare, England, (1564-1616) Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, United States, (1819-1892) The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne, Ireland, (1713-1768) Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, Russia/United States, (1899-1977) Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Colombia, (b. 1928) Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, France, (1821-1880) The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann, Germany, (1875-1955) Mahabharata, India, (c 500 BC) The Man Without Qualities by Robert Musil, Austria, (1880-1942) The Mathnawi by Jalal ad-din Rumi, Afghanistan, (1207-1273) Medea by Euripides, Greece, (c 480-406 BC) Memoirs of Hadrian by Marguerite Yourcenar, France, (1903-1987) Metamorphoses by Ovid, Italy, (c 43 BC) Middlemarch by George Eliot, England, (1819-1880) Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie, India/Britain, (b. 1947) Moby-Dick by Herman Melville, United States, (1819-1891) Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, England, (1882-1941) Njaals Saga, Iceland, (c 1300) Nostromo by Joseph Conrad, England,(1857-1924) The Odyssey by Homer, Greece, (c 700 BC) Oedipus the King Sophocles, Greece, (496-406 BC) Old Goriot by Honore de Balzac, France, (1799-1850) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway, United States, (1899-1961) One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Colombia, (b. 1928) The Orchard by Sheikh Musharrif ud-din Sadi, Iran, (c 1200-1292) Othello by William Shakespeare, England, (1564-1616) Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo Juan Rulfo, Mexico, (1918-1986) Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren, Sweden, (1907-2002) Poems by Paul Celan, Romania/France, (1920-1970) The Possessed by Fyodor M Dostoyevsky, Russia, (1821-1881) Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, England, (1775-1817) The Ramayana by Valmiki, India, (c 300 BC) The Recognition of Sakuntala by Kalidasa, India, (c. 400) The Red and the Black by Stendhal, France, (1783-1842) Remembrance of Things Past by Marcel Proust, France, (1871-1922) Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih, Sudan, (b. 1929) Selected Stories by Anton P Chekhov, Russia, (1860-1904) Sons and Lovers by DH Lawrence, England, (1885-1930) The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, United States, (1897-1962) The Sound of the Mountain by Yasunari Kawabata, Japan, (1899-1972) The Stranger by Albert Camus, France, (1913-1960) The Tale of Genji by Shikibu Murasaki, Japan, (c 1000) Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Nigeria, (b. 1930) Thousand and One Nights, India/Iran/Iraq/Egypt, (700-1500) The Tin Drum by Gunter Grass, Germany, (b.1927) To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf, England, (1882-1941) The Trial by Franz Kafka, Bohemia, (1883-1924) Trilogy: Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable by Samuel Beckett, Ireland, (1906-1989) Ulysses by James Joyce, Ireland, (1882-1941) War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy, Russia, (1828-1910) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, England, (1818-1848) Zorba the Greek by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greece, (1883-1957) • This list of the 100 best books of all time was prepared by Norwegian Book Clubs. They asked 100 authors from 54 countries around the world to nominate the ten books which have had the most decisive impact on the cultural history of the world, and left a mark on the authors' own thinking. Don Quixote was named as the top book in history but otherwise no ranking was provided • This article was amended on 14 Mar